Verbal Sexual Harassment in Indonesian Language on Social Media: A Forensic Linguistic Perspective

Author's Information:

Gusti Ayu Putu Agung Silvia Sari

Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia

I Wayan Pastika

Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia

I Wayan Mulyawan

Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia

Vol 03 No 09 (2026):Volume 03 Issue 09 September

Page No.: 613-621

Abstract:

This study examines verbal sexual harassment on social media specifically in TikTok comments, particularly comments directed toward female Sales Promotion Girls (SPGs) appearing in promotional content. The study addresses the occurrence of sexualized and gender-based language in social media comments and aims to identify and classify the forms of verbal sexual harassment found in the selected comments based on Fitzgerald et al.’s (1995) framework. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to analyze 40 TikTok comments identified as containing verbal sexual harassment. The data were collected from publicly available comments on the @goodponsel TikTok account and analyzed based on three dimensions of sexual harassment proposed by Fitzgerald et al. (1995): gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. The findings show that all three dimensions were identified in the analyzed data. Unwanted sexual attention was the most frequently identified category, comprising 20 data (50.00%), followed by gender harassment with 18 data (45.00%) and sexual coercion with 2 data (5.00%). The findings indicate that verbal sexual harassment in the analyzed comments was expressed through appearancebased evaluations, gender-based labeling, degrading expressions, and transactional or suggestive language. Overall, the study concludes that Fitzgerald et al.’s (1995) framework can be applied to identify different forms of verbal sexual harassment in TikTok comments. The study also demonstrates that such harassment is not limited to explicit sexual propositions but may occur through various forms of gendered and sexualized language in digital communication. 

KeyWords:

Verbal Sexual Harassment; TikTok Comments; Gender Harassment; Unwanted Sexual Attention; Sexual Coercion.

References:

  1. Abdullah, A. F. A., Wartoyo, F., & Kurniawan, A. (2019). Studi fenomenologi pelecehan seksual pada wanita melalui sosial media. Civic-Culture: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar, 3(1), 199–210. 
  2. Akpambang, E. M. (2022). Sexual Harassment of Female Employees in the Workplace: Imperative For Stringent Legal And Policy. Pancasila and Law Review, 3(1), 63–88. https://doi.org/10.25041/plr.v3i1.2754 
  3. Amarnes, V. T., Fitri, W., Wusqo, U., & Elvina, S. N. (2023a). Verbal Sexual Harassment : Views of Indonesian Muslim Women. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v7i1.6201 
  4. Ammar, F. F., Triyono, S., & Margana, M. (2024). Power Relation of a Sexual Harassment Victim in Penyalin Cahaya: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Jurnal Humaniora, 35(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.75418 
  5. Anwar, farida. (2022). Sexual Harassment and Psychological Well-being of the Victims: The Role of Abuse-related Shame, Fear of Being Harassed, and Social Support. Eurasian Journal of Medical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.14744/ejmi.2022.73988
  6. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publication Ltd. 
  7. Davis, L., Mavisakalyan, A., & Weber, C. (2024). Gendered language and gendered violence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 52(4), 755–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.08.008 
  8. Dewanty, I. A. B. C., & Saryono, D. (2024). Verbal violence against women on TikTok: A feminist linguistic study. LITERA, 23(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v23i2.72475 
  9. Dinanti, D. A., & Sunesti, Y. (2023). Niqabi Women and Catcalling: A Phenomenological Study of Sexual Harassment Towards Niqabi in Surakarta. DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, 8(2), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v8i2.7809
  10. Fitzgerald, L. F., Gelfand, M. J., & Drasgow, F. (1995). Measuring Sexual Harassment: Theoretical and Psychometric Advances. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17(4), 425–445. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp1704_2 
  11. Hartutik, & Suminto A Sayuti. (2023). Sexual Harassment in News Gender Violence in Tempo.co Media and Newsroom Narratives (Sara Mills Critical Discourse Analysis). Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 5(2), 167–171. https://doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v5i2.910 
  12. Khairani, W., & Aji, A. A. (2022). METAFORA SEKSUALITAS DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR INSTAGRAM: ANALISIS METAFORA KRITIS. PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics, 7(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v7i1.56874
  13. Maulana, I. P. A. P., & Dharma Putra, I. B. G. (2024). TINDAK KEKERASAN SEKSUAL VERBAL DI RUANG SIBER: ANALISIS LINGUISTIK FORENSIK DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR AKUN TIKTOK KINDERFLIX. Metahumaniora, 14(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v14i3.56408 
  14. Praminatih, G. A., & Nafiah, H. (2022). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sexual Harassment Against Women in Online Mass Media. Humanis, 26(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.24843/JH.2022.v26.i02.p05 
  15. Rahmawati, R., Herman, H., Sutarno, S., Tannuary, A., Hasibuan, N., & Thao, N. Van. (2025). SEXIST VERBAL VIOLENCE ON SOCIAL MEDIA: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF ABUSIVE LANGUAGE. English Review: Journal of English Education, 13(3), 1093–1104. https://doi.org/10.25134/englishreview.v13i3.100
  16. Rakatiwi, Y., Halwati, U., & Nawawi. (2023). Sexual Harassment Against Women on Social Media. JURNAL LENSA MUTIARA KOMUNIKASI, 7(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.51544/jlmk.v7i2.4421 
  17. SUNDARI, Prof. Dr. T. T., KUMARI, Prof. Dr. T. S., & Sravani, 3Dr. K. (2025). "BLURRING BOUNDARIES: SOCIAL MEDIA, CYBERBULLYING, AND HARASSMENT EXPERIENCES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ANDHRA PRADESH”. Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 23(S6), 4574–4595. https://doi.org/10.52152/twre0f91