Evaluation of the Mass Drug Administration Intervention for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in The Ikeduru Local Government Area
Abstract:
Nigeria has a serious public health threat from lymphatic filariasis (LF), which is why Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programs are being implemented as a preventive measure. With an emphasis on community viewpoints and influencing variables, this study examines the adoption and development of MDA in twelve communities within the Ikeduru Local Government Area. To determine the start and extent of MDA in Ikeduru communities, assess community acceptability and involvement in the MDA intervention, and pinpoint variables impacting MDA coverage and community attitudes. to suggest modifications for improved MDA efficiency and drug acceptability based on local expertise. Using a cross-sectional survey methodology, 384 respondents from twelve carefully chosen communities in Ikeduru LGA were the subject of the investigation. A standardized questionnaire that was approved by university lecturers was used to gather the data. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Since 2014, MDA has been continuously applied throughout all of the Ikeduru communities, resulting in complete coverage. Ninety-nine percent of the community actively participates in MDA, demonstrating a high level of community acceptance and support. The success of MDA can be attributed to enabling characteristics such as house-to-house distribution, convenient access, knowledgeable distributors, and instructive services. Disabling issues include time limits, unfavorable distributors, drug shortages, and distance. Drug acceptance factors are in line with MDA trends, and incentives have been found to be a substantial enhancer. The research highlights the triumphant execution of MDA in Ikeduru, characterized by extensive community endorsement and efficient coverage. The program's success is attributed to identified enabling elements, whilst obstacles require focused actions. Recommendations from the community emphasize the need for improved drug quality, accessibility, professionalism, and incentives. These proposals provide insightful information for program enhancement.
KeyWords:
Evaluation, mass drug, administration intervention , elimination, lymphatic filariasis
References:
- Shenoy, R. K., & Bockarie, M. J. (2011). Lymphatic filariasis in children: clinical features, infection burdens and future prospects for elimination. Parasitology, 138(12), 1559-1568.
- World Health Organization. (1211 Geneva). Training in Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration for Eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis: Learners’ Guide.
- Mohammad, F. I. (2018). Filarial Worms. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 45, 89-93.
- Richards, F. O., Eigege, A., Miri, E. S., Kal, A., Umaru, J., Pam, D., ... Hopkins, D. R. (2011). Epidemiological and entomological evaluations after six years or more of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5, e1346.
- Silumbwe, A., Zulu, J. M., Halwindi, H., Jacobs, C., Zgambo, J., Dambe, R., ... Michelo, C. (2017). A systematic review of factors that shape implementation of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health, 17, 484.
- Noroes, J., & Dreyer, G. (2010). A mechanism for chronic filarial hydrocele with implications for its surgical repair. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4(6), e695.
- World Health Organization. (2011, October). Lymphatic Filariasis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/epidemiology/en/
- Sodahlon, Y. K., Dorkenoo, A. M., Morgah, K., Nabiliou, K., Agbo, K., Miller, R., Datagni, M., Seim, A., & Mathieu, E. (2013). A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7, e2080.
- Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Progress report on mass drug administration, 2010. (2011). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 86(35), 377-388.
- Subramanian, S., Jambulingam, P., Chu, B. K., Sadanandane, C., Vasuki, V., Srividya, A., AbdulKader, M. S. M., Krishnamoorthy, K., Raju, H. K., Laney, S. J., Williams, S. A., & Henderson, R. H. (2017). Application of a household-based molecular xenomonitoring strategy to evaluate the lymphatic filariasis elimination program in Tamil Nadu, India. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(4), e0005519.
- Turner, H. C., Bettis, A. A., Chu, B. K., McFarland, D. A., Hooper, P. J., Ottesen, E. A., & Bradley, M. H. (2016). The health and economic benefits of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (2000-2014). Published Online: 7 July 2016.
- Akturk, H. K., & Gbadamosi-Akindele, M. (2014). Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. BMJ Case Reports, 2014, bcr2013200363.
- Chu, B. K., Deming, M., Biritwum, N.-K., Bougma, W. R., Dorkenoo, A. M., El-Setouhy, M., et al. (2013). Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS) to Define Endpoints for Lymphatic Filariasis Mass Drug Administration: A Multicenter Evaluation. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(12), e2584. PMID: 24340120.
- Khaemba, C., Barry, A., Omondi, W. P., Bota, K., Matendechero, S., Wandera, C., Siyoi, F., Kirui, E., Oluka, M., Nambwa, P., & others. (2021). Safety and Tolerability of Mass Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole Administration for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Kenya: An Active Surveillance Study. Pharmaceuticals, 14, 264.
- Njomo, D. W., Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M., Magambo, J. K., Ngure, P. K., & Njenga, S. M. (2012). Factors associated with the motivation of community drug distributors in the lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme in Kenya. Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection, 27(2), 66-70.
- Eneanya, O. A., Fronterre, C., Anagbogu, I., Okoronkwo, C., Garske, T., Cano, J., & Donnelly, C. A. (2019). Mapping the baseline prevalence of lymphatic filariasis across Nigeria. Parasites & Vectors, 12(1), 440.